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15.  Calculate courses and distances covered in climb and descent.
By subtraction, find the distances to be flown at height, and calculate
the courses and times for these legs.

16.  Calculate both fuel used and fuel remaining at the top of the climb,
turns and the descent point.

17.  Calculate where the predetermined "Bingo" should be.

18.  Recheck calculations.

Review of the Sortie.

19.  Preparation of the map to be carried. Insert five minute marks along
the track, or other suitable time scale for the length of the sortie.

20.  At selected points insert bearings and D.M.E. distances from stations
which will give the best cross cut and therefore the best fix.

21.  D.M.E. is accurate to ±2%.  The accuracy of fixes et 100 nautical
miles with relation to the angle between stations is as follows: -

      Angle Between Stations.                 Maximum Error.

        90 degrees				2 nautical miles
        60 or 120 degrees			3½   "       "
        75 or 150 degrees			7½   "       "
       180 degrees			        20    "       "

22.  True bearings (always preferable to steers for position checks) are
accurate to ±2 degrees (class A).

23.  Inssert courses and times to diversion airfields from various points along
the route.

24.  Fold the map so that it can be orientated in the cockpit and is easy to
turn over. The possibility of having more than one map should be considered
if this will avoid complicated unfolding in the air.

25.  Stopwatch. A stopwatch is essential for easy and accurate navigation.

26.  Flight Plan. Duplicate the essential details of the flight plan on
the map or kneepad, and firmly attach the flight plan to the map or some part
of the cockpit.

27.  Mental Dead Reckoning. There will be many occasions when the fighter
pilot will be unable to follow his original plan, an unforeseen diversion for
instance, or a target in an unexpected area. To be able to make swift, accurate
decisions in these situations, he must have a good knowledge of both mental
D.R. and the fuel consumption of his aircraft.

Conclusion.

28.  There is much more to high level navigation than a ramble round the country-
side "getting in the hours". It has a definite place in modern fighter operations,
redeployment, standing patrols for example, or any exercise which requires
operating a considerable distance from base.

29.  The essentials are:-

     (a)  Speed and accuracy in planning
     (b)  A straightforward plan
     (c)  Accurate flying.	                           /LOW LEVEL NAVIGATION

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