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                            HIGH LEVEL NAVIGATION.

Introduction.

1.   Accurate high level navigation is a difficult problem for the fighter
pilot because of the few navigational aids at his disposal.

2.   In the European theatre map reading must be regarded as a bonus since the
opportunities of navigating by this method are rare.

3.   The accent must therefore be upon accurate pre-flight planning, adherence
to this plan, and using the few navigational aids available to monitor it.

Planning.

4.   Selection of Maps. Normally a scale of 1/1,000,000 is most suitable for
high level navigation. When planning long sorties however, the pilot can avoid
inaccuracies in joining maps by measuring tracks and distances on a plotting
map of a smaller scale.

5.   Selection of route. The route may well be dictated by the technical need
and the range of the aircraft. Whenever possible however, consideration should
be riven to:-

     (a)  Availability of navigational aids.

     (b)  Proximity of diversions.

     (c)  Jetstreams.

6.   Plan to fly straight ahead after take-off until climbing speed is reached,
the subsequent turn can then be accurately calculated and flown. If a turn
must be made straight after take-off, the bank should increase with the speed
thereby maintaining the desired radius of turn.

7.   Planning Sequence. Study the Form D and all information applicable to
routing.

8.   Obtain the latest weather information including Q.N.H., forecast winds and
temperatures for the entire route. Check on the possibility and extent of
contrails, this may affect the plan.

9.   Decide the route to be flown.

10.  Decide the speed to be used. This will depend on range considerations and
the tactical need.

11.  Mark out the tracks allowing for turn.

12.  Measure the tracks and distances. Tracks shout be measured at the centre
of each leg, and turns should be included in the leg following. The distances
around turns should be calculated and not estimated.

13.  Calculate the mean winds for the climb and descent. For the climb the
wind at two thirds of the height to be reached should be used. This of course
have to be modified if the winds at certain heights vary sharply in direction
and strength. For the descent the wind halfway down is normally accurate and
particularly since the time spent in the descent is relatively short.

14.  Calculate T.A.S. and true Mach. No. at height.

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